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How much did Saddam Hussein borrow and from whom?

Iraqi debt by size of claim

in US $ billion

(bold states are Paris Club members,
italic states are Gulf States)
Source CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington D.C.) Exotix (London) Paris Club
Press release
July 10, 2003		 Jubilee Iraq
(additional sources)
  Compensation    Debt Contracts   Total Debt Debt** Debt Sources
Kuwait 68.800 17.000   85.800 12.500   27.000 (MEES)
Russia   12.000 52.000 64.000 8.000 3.450*** 16.000 (Channel News Asia)
Saudi-Arabia 12.040     12.040 25.000      
Jordan 13.760 0.295   14.055        
India 6.880   6.880       1.000 (The Hindu, 04/14/03)
UK 6.880     6.880   0.9308 1.600 (Daily Telegraph, 04/16/03)
Japan           4.1086 5.580
7.000		 (Asahi.com)
Bloomberg, 06/10/03
Netherlands 1.720   3.600 5.320   0.0967    
Germany 5.160    5.160   2.4039    
Egypt 3.440   0.740 4.180        
Turkey 3.440 0.800   4.240        
Italy 3.440     3.440   1.726    
US 3.440    3.440   2.192 5.000

4.000 (incl. interest)		 (Dow Jones, 03/29/03)
(Iraq's Economy: Past, Present, Future - U.S. Congress, 06/03/03
France 1.720   0.073 1.793 8.000 2.9937 4.000 (Review of Int. Social Questions, 04/09/03)
Serbia             1.8 to 2 (Web site of Serbian government)
Canada 1.720     1.720   0.5642    
Syria 1.720     1.720        
Israel 1.720     1.720        
Bulgaria   1.000   1.000 1.700   1.512 (22nd Bulgarian-Iraq Committee on Cooperation )
Austria           0.8131    
China     0.080 0.080     > 2 (ABC)
U.A.E.     0.703 0.703        
Yugoslavia         0.700      
Romania         0.530*   1.700 (Bucharest Business Week, 04/21/03)
Australia           0.4993    
Poland   0.500   0.500 0.530*   0.700 (Boston Globe, 04/20/03)
Spain           0.3212    
Brazil           0.1929    
Sweden           0.1858    
Belgium           0.1845   
Finland           0.1522    
Switzerland           0.1175    
Czech Republic         0.530*   0.06 to 0.1 (Boston Globe, 04/20/03)
Korea           0.0547 1.100 (Dow Jones, 03/29/03)
Denmark           0.0308 1.100 (Dow Jones, 03/29/03)
Morocco   0.032   0.032        
Hungary   0.017   0.017        
Gulf States   30.000   30.000 17.500      
London Club         2.600   11.000 (Herald Tribune, 04/26/03)
Paris Club (without France and Russia)         9.500      
Multilateral Organizations         1.100      
Others 36.120 18.357   54.477 26.100      
Other Trade Claims         2.200      
Remaining obligations 27.000     27.000        
Interest   47.000   47.000   21.000    
  199.000 127.000 57.196 383.196 116.490 42.0179    
*  Exotix: Poland, Czech Republic, Romania: US$ 1.6 billion
** Definition of debt concerned: the figures cover, from the debtor side, the amounts due by the public sector. From the creditors point of view, the figures include credits and loans granted, or guaranteed by, the Governments or their appropriate institutions. Basically, private claims (debt owed to private creditors) as well as private debt (owed by private Iraqi institutions without public guarantee) are excluded from this recollection.
*** Russian claims: this figure represents the amounts due to Russia after a simulation of the adjustment on Soviet era claims consistent with Paris Club methodology.