Review: Iraq's debt relief – procedure and potential implications for international debt relief  by Martin Weiss / Reviewed by Patricia Adams
Weiss argument "puzzling." Odious Debts Online  December 28/2007

Iraq health update: Summer 2005  by Medact
An update of a report by UK-based charity organization Medact has found growing evidence of corruption and a lack of transparency within Iraq's Coalitional Provisional Authority. July 26/2005

Where has all the money gone?  by Ed Harriman
Journalist Ed Harriman follows the auditors into Iraq. London Review of Books, Vol. 27, No. 13  July 7/2005

On odious debts, the Paris Club, and reparations   by Iraqi Jurists Union
"The central committee of our Union, and its legal committee have concluded . . . that the majority of [Iraq's] debts are odious and are not legally enforceable." November 28/2004

Resolution prepared for the Iraqi National Assembly
The Iraqi National Assembly has agreed to support a recommendation by its Economic and Financial Committee (EFC) to repudiate the odious debts incurred by Saddam Hussein. November 22/2004

Iraq's odious debts  by Patricia Adams 
An odious debts arbitration would demonstrate to Iraqis that justice can be served by the rule of law. An arbitration would also expose the role of foreign creditors and thus help establish accountability in other countries. Cato Policy Analysis, No. 526  September 28/2004

The oil-for-food scandal: next steps for Congress  by Nile Gardiner, James Phillips and James Dean
The oil-for-food fraud is potentially the biggest scandal in the history of the United Nations and one of the greatest financial scandals of modern times. The Heritage Foundation [PDF file]  June 30/2004

Text of United Nations draft resolution on Iraq  by the Associated Press
The United States and Britain circulated the following draft UN resolution on Iraq to Security Council members. May 24/2004

Iraq's odious debts – Arabic version  by Patricia Adams, Probe International 

International conference on Iraq and debt relief in Berlin, Germany, March 16–17  March 16/2004

Iraq's odious debts: The odious debt doctrine and Iraq after Saddam  by Patricia Adams, Probe International
"The majority of the debts that Iraq has inherited from the regime of Saddam Hussein, I believe, are odious in law, and thus not legally enforceable." International conference on Iraq and debt relief in Berlin, Germany, March 16-17, 2004  March 16/2004

Dialogue on globalisation: Odious debts – odious creditors?  by Jürgen Kaiser and Antje Queck
There seems hardly a better way to illustrate the validity of the odious debt doctrine than the case of Iraq – where most outstanding loans were underwritten by the dictatorial regime of Saddam Hussein. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung: Occasional Paper No. 12  March 1/2004

A primer on Iraq's finances  by James McCormack
For Iraq's ratio of external interest payments/foreign exchange earnings to be comparable to the median of sovereigns rated 'B+'and lower, we estimate gross external debt would need to fall by about 90% to USD14bn. Fitch Ratings  February 25/2004

Iraqi sovereign debt cancellation
"This house . . . welcomes and supports Jubilee Iraq's proposals for debt cancellation" in Iraq. Early Day Motion 138  November 26/2003

The president's state visit to Britain: Advancing the Anglo-U.S. special relationship  by Nile Gardiner, Ph.D., and John Hulsman, Ph.D.
The White House and Downing Street should formulate a joint position on the Iraqi debt question, calling for the forgiveness, not restructuring, of Iraq's international debt. The Heritage Foundation  November 14/2003

Outcome of the workshop on external debt: Issues of sustainability and legitimacy  by Forum 2000: Bridging Global Gaps Conference
"Iraq with a total debt of approximately 380 bn US/Dollars and a GNP of 25 bn is a star case of not just an unsustainable burden, but also of highly questionable claims by creditors." [Adobe Acrobat format]  October 17/2003

Iraq: Debt and devastation  by Justin Alexander and Colin Rowat
This paper, by investment analyst Justin Alexander and economic lecturer Colin Rowat, calls for the establishment of an international arbitration tribunal to assess Iraqi debt in the light of the doctrine of odious debt. August 21/2003

Bean Counting in Baghdad: Debt, Reparations, Reconstruction, and Resources  by Robert Looney
Looney examines Iraq's fiscal challenges and possible financial strategies and says: "Using the odious debt doctrine ... Iraq could easily build a good moral and probably legal case that the population should not be burdened for wars they had no say in." Strategic Insights, Center for Contemporary Conflict (CCC), Monterey, USA  June 2/2003

How much did Saddam Hussein borrow and from whom?
Odious Debts Online has compiled the best estimates to date but, be warned. Experts agree that there is likely a wide range of error in these estimates because of the absence of reliable records. May 27/2003

A fresh start for Iraq: The case for debt relief  by Oxfam International
This sets out a case for treating Iraq’s debt as odious and illegitimate – and it explains why ordinary Iraqis should not pay for a debt accumulated by a tyrannical regime, borrowing from irresponsible creditors. Oxfam Briefing Paper  May 1/2003

A Wiser Peace - Background Information on Iraq’s Financial Obligations  by Frederick D.  Barton and Bathsheba N. Crocker
This is a supplement to "A Wiser Peace: An Action Strategy For A Post-Conflict Iraq" with percentage breakdowns of Iraq’s foreign debt, compensation claims and pending contracts. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)  April 28/2003

Russische Interessen an der Außenschuld des Iraks  by Ognian N. Hishow
This paper argues Russia has rejected the American proposal for debt relief in Iraq, and favours using Iraq's debt to drive negotiations to improve its own economic position in post-Saddam Iraq. SWP-Aktuell (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik), Germany  April 18/2003

A Wiser Peace: An Action Strategy for a Post-conflict Iraq  by Frederick D. Barton and Bathsheba N. Crocker (Project Directors)
Background information on Iraq's financial obligations. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)  January 23/2003

A Wiser Peace: An Action Strategy For A Post-Conflict Iraq  by Frederick D.  Barton and Bathsheba N. Crocker
To call for a debt restructuring conference and push the United Nations Security Council to begin a review of past war-related claims against Iraq is one of ten key actions recommended by this paper. Center For Strategic And International Studies (CSIS)  January 1/2003

Winning the Peace: Managing a Successful Transition in Iraq  by Richard W. Murphy and C. Richard Nelson
This report recommends to focus on creating viable power-sharing arrangements, protecting the Iraqi economy and oil interests, and maintaining regional stability. Generous debt and reparations relief arrangements are considered as necessary. American University Center for Global Peace and Atlantic Council of the United States  January 1/2003

Der deutsche Exportweltmeister als Todeshändler  by Hans Branscheidt
Hans Branscheidt analyzes the role of German companies which exported weapons and other materials for military purposes to Iraq. in: T. v. d. Osten-Sacken/ A. Fatah (Hg.): Saddam Hussein letztes Gefecht  September 1/2002

An Economy in a Debt Trap: Iraqi Debt 1980-2020  by Ahmed M. Jiyad
This article examines three variables - war, debt and oil - in an organic manner in an examination of cause and effect in Iraq during the period 1980 - 2020. Arab Studies Quarterly, 23:4, pp. 15-58  September 1/2001

Oil, Sanctions, Debt and the Future  by Abbas Alnasrawi
Abbas Alnasrawi is Professor of Economics at the University of Vermont. This paper was first presented at a conference organised by the Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq. March 11/2001

Dealing with Iraq’s foreign indebtedness  by Wajeeh Elali
Wajeeh Elali proposes a pragmatic debt-management strategy for Iraq. On the topic "Who is to blame?" Elali includes the "imprudent lending practices" of some western and Arab creditors. Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 42(1), p. 65–83  February 1/2000

The international debt crisis of Iraq  by Wajeeh Elali
This paper analyzes Iraq's indebtness problem and investigates the applicability of debt-equity swaps as a means of alleviating the severity of Iraq's external debt and obligations. Economia Internazionale Vol L, Num: 3, Genova  August 1/1997