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The Third World's Odious Debt
The South makes compelling moral arguments to cancel its foreign debts. But, it also has an indisputable legal case because the overwhelming majority of those debts are odious in law.
"If a despotic power incurs a debt not for the needs or in the interest of the State, but to strengthen its despotic regime, to repress the population that fights against it, etc., this debt is odious for the population of all the State."
- Alexander Sack, 1927
In 1927, Alexander Sack the world's pre-eminent legal scholar on public debts, defined the Doctrine of Odious Debts, which remains the ultimate legal source on that subject. The Doctrine of Odious Debts, though now 70 years old, helps bring clarity to today's complicated Third World debt situation, and fairness to a tragedy in which innocent Southern citizens pay, and corrupt and negligent borrowers and lenders get away scot-free.

Publications - By Probe International

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Earthscan, Toronto, 1991   

Odious Debts: Loose Lending, Corruption and the Third World's Environmental Legacy   by Patricia Adams

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In this exceptionally compelling account of the Third World's debt catastrophe, Patricia Adams analyzes the parts played by the different participants: among the lenders, the World Bank, the IMF, export credit agencies, and the commercial banks; and among the borrowers, not only governments and state enterprises, but also the military and above all greedy and despotic leaders.

The story is one of recklessness and corruption. In the face of it, Adams invokes the doctrine of odious debts— those debts contracted by a regime that are not binding for a nation— first used by the U.S. to repudiate Cuba's debts after it took Cuba from Spain. Together with changes in the international financial structure to prevent future catastrophes— among them the closing of institutions such as the World Bank, which have devastated the Third World's environment as thoroughly as they have its economy— Odious Debts: Loose Lending, Corruption and the Third World's Environmental Legacy offers a way of both resolving the debt crisis justly and furthering democracy and accountability in the Third World.

Read it online.

To order e-mail JerryWagner@nextcity.com ($24.95, 256 pages, hardcover and softcover available, 1991).  



Spanish version

Deudas Odiosas (Spanish version)



Indonesian version

Utang Najis (Indonesian version)



Argentina | Canada | Indonesia | Lesotho | Nigeria | South Africa | U.K.
Export Credit Agencies | Multilateral Development Banks | The Doctrine of Odious Debts
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